The higher temperature in urban areas leads to an increase in the colonization of species related to a higher climate.
(missing url)Maller, C. "Healthy Nature Healthy People: 'contact with Nature' as an Upstream Health Promotion Intervention for Populations." "Rising Temperatures, Worsening Ozone Pollution."

The higher temperatures experienced in urban areas compared to the surrounding countryside has enormous consequences for the health and wellbeing of people living in cities.

Define Urban Heat Island effect. Generally, such terms are used to denote any area that has high temperatures compared to the surrounding area, but it usually refers to those areas which have a high level of human activity. Web. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak.

Regions with distinct wet and dry seasons will exhibit a larger urban heat island effect during the dry season.

(missing url)"TreeVitalize." Web. There are many factors that are the cause of a UHI effect. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the current mitigation measures need development to make them relevant to various climates and throughout the year. In addition, the UHI creates during the day a local low-pressure area where relatively moist air from its rural surroundings converges, possibly leading to more favourable conditions for cloud formation.

Calculations for several special cases as well as a sensitivity analysis are presented. 2014. Web. This can be seen the best in the effects that urban heat islands have on water temperature. This increase will cause the fish species inhabiting the body of water to undergo thermal stress and shock due to the rapid change in temperature to their climate.Urban heat islands caused by cities have altered the natural selection process.

(missing url)"Global Systems Science." Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island, and the heat island characteristics depend strongly on the background climate of the area in which the city is located.Concerns have been raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to The phenomenon was first investigated and described by There are several causes of an urban heat island (UHI); for example, dark surfaces absorb significantly more Other causes of a UHI are due to geometric effects.
31 August 2015. The automobiles, industries and air conditioners play a major role in the increasing heat in the urban areas. (2006). Print.Dunnett, Nigel. These two options can be combined with the implementation of Assembly Bill (AB) 32 required the California Air Resources Board to create a scoping plan.

N.p., n.d. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Dec.ny.gov.

By Virginia Gorsevski, Haider Taha, Dale Quattrochi, and Jeff Luvall. Heat Island Effect.

Building and environment, 83, 1–10.Zinzi, M., and S. Agnoli.

Land use policy, 86, 147-157.He, B. J.


For UPSC 2020, follow BYJU'S Further planning should include passive cooling measures and also proper ventilation set up. An urban heat island is an urban or an industrial area that has temperatures considerably higher than its surrounding rural areas (both share the same climate) primarily due to anthropogenic reasons. Consequences of the urban heat island.

"Cool communities: strategies for heat island mitigation and smog reduction." NASA. His paper surveys UHI and criticizes then-existing theories as being excessively qualitative. Print.United States. Environmental Protection Agency. The absence of solar heating leads to the decrease of atmospheric convection and the stabilization of urban boundary layer. Environmental Protection Agency, July 2012 n.d. A recent study from IIT Kharagpur named “Anthropogenic forcing exacerbating the urban heat islands in India” noted that mean daytime temperature of surface urban areas going up by around 2 degrees Celsius in average, when compared to neighboring areas. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak.

This is called the “urban canyon effect”. The UHI is noticed when both the summer and winter seasons are at their peak. Nearly 40 percent of that increase is due to the prevalence of dark roofs, with the remainder coming from dark-colored pavement and the declining presence of vegetation. : Timber, 2011.

The increase in thermal pollution has the ability to increase water temperature by 20 to 30 degrees. 843–846NYS DEC. "Streams Tributary to Onondaga Lake Biological Assessment." The term heat island is also used.

Download Urban Heat Island notes PDF. Other factors include a reduction in vegetation, water bodies and crop fields as a result of unplanned expansion and urbanization. This is especially true in areas where snow is common, as cities tend to hold snow for shorter periods of time than surrounding rural areas (this is due to the higher insulation capacity of cities, as well as human activities such as plowing).